ACG 150

Overview

The Psychology Network Lab (PsyNet Lab) is a USAID-funded center and a flagship research facility of the Psychology Department at The American College of Greece (ACG), designed to advance the department’s mission of fostering excellence in education, research, and community impact. The PsyNet Lab was founded by Dr. Chrysanthi Nega and is now led by Dr. Panagiotis Kourtesis. The lab reflects the department’s commitment to addressing critical scientific and societal challenges by providing a state-of-the-art environment for interdisciplinary and collaborative research. It serves as a hub for exploring the complexities of human behavior, cognition, and emotion across diverse domains, including cognitive psychology, neuroscience, clinical psychology, social psychology, education, and lifespan development. By integrating the department’s focus on rigorous, evidence-based research with cutting-edge methodologies, the PsyNet Lab ensures that its work has practical applications that benefit individuals and communities at local, national, and global levels.

PsyNet Lab also proudly hosts the Neuro-HCI XR Research Team, led by Dr Panagiotis Kourtesis, a specialized group of the Research Technology and Innovation Network of ACG, dedicated to studying how neuroscience, psychology, and human-computer interaction can come together to optimize user experience in immersive environments. This team’s work represents the lab’s commitment to producing innovative, applicable research that is not only impactful but also transferable to real-world scenarios.

PsyNet Lab’s Facilities

The PsyNet Lab’s state-of-the-art capabilities are strategically designed to support the Psychology Department’s mission to advance research and address complex societal challenges. These facilities empower studies in cognitive science, clinical interventions, social psychology, and educational research. With unmatched data precision and experimental flexibility, the lab is an attractive partner for academic collaborations, healthcare applications, and industry-driven projects. By combining traditional psychological methods with emerging technologies, the PsyNet Lab leads the way in producing impactful, globally relevant research.

Researchers’ Office Room
Experiments & Equipment Room
Experiment Room with 1-Sided Mirror
Statistics and Computer Room 1
Statistics and Computer Room 2

Get Involved

We invite researchers, educators, healthcare professionals, industry leaders, and organizations to join us in our mission to advance psychological science and technological innovation. Whether you are interested in funding opportunities, research collaborations, or contributing to our groundbreaking projects, there are many ways to get involved with the PsyNet Lab. 

  • Collaborate with Us: Partner on interdisciplinary projects that address global challenges in mental health, education, cognitive science, and human-computer interaction. 
  • Support Innovation: Help us expand our research capacity and develop transformative tools and technologies that improve lives and drive societal progress. 
  • Engage with Our Work: Explore how you can contribute to cutting-edge research and apply its findings in real-world settings. 

For more information about funding inquiries, partnership opportunities, or to learn about our ongoing projects, please visit our Contact Page or reach out directly to the PsyNet Lab team. Together, we can push the boundaries of psychological research and innovation, shaping a brighter future for science and society. 

Mission

The PsyNet Lab supports the Psychology Department’s mission by:

  • Advancing Scientific Knowledge Across Domains: The lab facilitates research in areas such as cognitive psychology, neuroscience, clinical interventions, social and organizational psychology, and educational psychology. It incorporates methodologies like neurophysiological measures (EEG, ET, GSR), behavioral experiments, and mixed methods, reflecting the department’s emphasis on exploring human behavior from multiple perspectives.
  • Encouraging Collaboration and Innovation: In line with the department’s vision, the PsyNet Lab fosters interdisciplinary projects that involve faculty, students, and external collaborators. These partnerships are designed to generate innovative insights that address critical challenges in mental health, social behavior, education, and technology.
  • Promoting Practical Impact: The lab develops tools and methodologies with real-world applications, from enhancing mental health interventions and educational practices to advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion in workplaces and society.

Vision

The PsyNet Lab aspires to be a global leader in advancing psychological research and innovative technologies, addressing critical challenges across a wide range of sectors, including healthcare, education, workplace practices, and technology development. By integrating cutting-edge methodologies, such as neurocognitive research, behavioral analysis, and human-computer interaction (HCI), the lab is dedicated to developing solutions that have tangible, real-world impact. 

Our vision extends beyond technological advancements. We aim to: 

  • Improve Mental Health and Well-Being: Develop tools and interventions that transform mental health care, making it more accessible, engaging, and effective. 
  • Revolutionize Education and Training: Create immersive and adaptive learning environments that enhance knowledge acquisition, skill development, and educational equity. 
  • Enhance Human Performance and Interaction: Bridge the gap between psychology and technology to optimize human performance, user experiences, and social interaction. 

We believe that innovations in psychology and technology, including but not limited to XR, hold the key to addressing global challenges such as cognitive decline, mental health crises, and the need for inclusive, accessible education and workplace solutions. By fostering collaboration and integrating interdisciplinary approaches, the PsyNet Lab is building the foundation for the next wave of impactful research and applications that benefit individuals, organizations, and communities worldwide. 

Leadership

Dr. Panagiotis Kourtesis
Neuro-HCI XR Team Leader; Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Deree - The American College of Greece
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Founder

Dr. Chrysanthi Nega
Associate Professor of Psychology at Deree -- The American College of Greece
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Additional Research Tools for Behavioral and Physiological Studies & Research Software

Cedrus Smart Voice Key and I/O SV1

The Cedrus Smart Voice Key and I/O SV1 is a specialized device designed for accurately detecting vocal responses in experimental research. It ensures precise voice onset measurements, making it indispensable for studies involving reaction times, speech processing, and auditory tasks. Its compatibility with various experimental setups enhances the flexibility and reliability of data collection. 

Cedrus USB Response Pad RB-740

The Cedrus USB Response Pad RB-740 is an ergonomic and robust device for capturing user responses in behavioral experiments. Designed for precision, it supports diverse response formats and integrates seamlessly with popular experimental software, making it suitable for cognitive psychology and neuroscience studies that require accurate reaction time data.

Mindray Vital Signs Monitor VS-800

The Mindray Vital Signs Monitor VS-800 is a comprehensive device for monitoring physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. This versatile monitor is essential for studies that require real-time physiological data to understand the interplay between emotional and cognitive states in various experimental contexts. 

Auto-Inflate Digital Blood Pressure Monitor FS-40

The Auto-Inflate Digital Blood Pressure Monitor FS-40 provides reliable and user-friendly blood pressure measurements. Its automatic operation and compact design make it a convenient choice for both laboratory and field research, particularly in studies focusing on stress, emotional regulation, and cardiovascular responses.

Bosch-Sohn Blood Pressure Unit D-72417

The Bosch-Sohn Blood Pressure Unit D-72417 is a high-precision manual blood pressure device favored for its reliability and accuracy. It is well-suited for experimental settings requiring detailed and consistent cardiovascular measurements, contributing to studies on stress and health psychology. 

One-Way Mirror (Room)

The one-way mirror in the experimental room offers an ideal setup for unobtrusive observation of participants. This feature is particularly beneficial for behavioral studies, enabling researchers to monitor naturalistic responses without interference. It supports a variety of research domains, including developmental, social, and clinical psychology. 

IBM SPSS Statistics

IBM SPSS Statistics is a comprehensive statistical analysis software widely used in psychological and social science research. It provides powerful tools for data management, descriptive and inferential statistics, and advanced modeling techniques. Its user-friendly interface and extensive features make it ideal for analyzing experimental data, conducting hypothesis testing, and creating visualizations to interpret complex datasets effectively. 

Wandsworth CogLab

Wandsworth CogLab is a specialized software suite designed for cognitive psychology experiments. It features a library of classic and customizable tasks for studying cognitive processes such as memory, attention, perception, and decision-making. With its precise stimulus presentation and response recording capabilities, it is an essential tool for both teaching and research purposes. 

SuperLab – Version 5.0

SuperLab 5.0 is a versatile experimental software designed for creating and running behavioral and cognitive psychology experiments. It supports complex experimental designs with features like randomized stimuli presentation, flexible timing, and integration with external devices such as response pads and voice keys. Its ease of use makes it a popular choice for researchers and educators alike. 

Gorilla Experiment Builder

Gorilla Experiment Builder is a cutting-edge, cloud-based platform for designing, deploying, and analyzing psychological experiments. It offers intuitive drag-and-drop tools to create complex experimental paradigms, supports multi-modal data collection, and ensures compatibility across devices. Its scalability and user-friendly interface make it a powerful resource for behavioral and neuroscience research. 

Qualtrics Assessment Tool

The Qualtrics Assessment Tool is a robust online platform for creating and managing surveys and assessments. With advanced customization options, it supports the collection of diverse data types, including psychometric, behavioral, and demographic information. Its real-time analytics, branching logic, and seamless data export capabilities make it a go-to solution for psychological assessments and experimental research. 

World-Class Facilities and Equipment

At the heart of the PsyNet Lab is its cutting-edge infrastructure, designed to support interdisciplinary research across the broad spectrum of psychological science. The lab’s facilities provide an unparalleled environment for conducting innovative studies, integrating advanced methodologies, and fostering collaboration. Key capabilities include:

Electroencephalography (EEG)

High-precision EEG systems enable researchers to capture real-time brainwave activity and cognitive processes. These tools are utilized across various research domains, from cognitive neuroscience to clinical psychology, in both traditional lab environments and immersive XR settings. The flexibility of the EEG systems supports studies on attention, memory, emotional processing, and neurocognitive disorders. 

Electroencephalograpy Preparation

Eye Tracking (ET) and Face Tracking (FT)

Advanced ET and FT tools allow precise monitoring of visual attention, gaze behavior, and emotional responses. These technologies are critical for understanding a range of psychological phenomena, from user experience in XR environments to social decision-making, emotional regulation, and developmental disorders. 

Eye-Tracking Combined with Face Tracking Experiment (Left). Eye-tracker (Right-Orange) and Web Camera (Right) for Face Tracking. 

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

GSR systems measure physiological arousal, offering insights into emotional and cognitive engagement. These tools support diverse research, including studies on stress, anxiety, trauma, and emotional regulation in both traditional and XR-enhanced environments. 

Emotion Detection Using GSR (Left) and GSR Sensors and Amplifier (Right).

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Headsets

The lab’s VR and AR setups provide dynamic, immersive environments for a wide range of applications. These include cognitive training and assessment, therapeutic interventions, and studies on spatial cognition, decision-making, and user experience. The high ecological validity of these systems allows researchers to simulate real-world scenarios for more accurate insights and practical applications. 

Experiment in Virtual Reality

Equipment Description

Electroencephalograph (EEG) - Neuroelectrics Enobio 32-Channel EEG System

The Neuroelectrics Enobio 32 is a state-of-the-art, wireless, portable EEG system featuring 32 high-precision channels, designed to capture detailed brain activity. At the PsyNet Lab, this advanced technology serves as a cornerstone for interdisciplinary research, supporting a wide range of applications in cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology, lifespan development, and human-computer interaction (HCI). With its capability to use both dry and wet electrodes, the Enobio 32 offers flexibility and convenience, making it suitable for both controlled laboratory experiments and real-world settings. Its wireless design enhances participant comfort and mobility, enabling researchers to seamlessly study brain activity without physical constraints.  

The Neuroelectrics Enobio 32 plays a critical role in advancing the PsyNet Lab’s contributions to the Psychology Department’s mission of producing innovative, evidence-based research. Its high-quality data and versatility empower studies that address complex scientific and societal challenges, from enhancing cognitive training tools to improving therapeutic interventions and informing educational practices. Whether used in traditional lab environments or immersive XR settings, this technology is instrumental in bridging the gap between neuroscience and real-world applications. 

Applications Across Research Domains 

The Enobio 32 EEG system supports the PsyNet Lab’s mission to advance the Psychology Department’s broad research goals, contributing to: 

  • Cognitive Neuroscience: Investigating memory, attention, and decision-making processes with high spatial and temporal precision. 
  • Clinical Psychology: Assessing neurocognitive functions and mental health conditions, including stress, anxiety, and neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. 
  • Social Psychology: Understanding neural and psychophysiological responses in social decision-making, stereotyping, and emotional regulation. 
  • Educational Psychology: Exploring brain activity related to learning processes, attention span, and the impact of educational interventions. 
  • Neuro-Human-Computer Interaction (Neuro-HCI): Examining the interaction between brain activity and immersive XR technologies to enhance user experience and cognitive performance. 

Key Features and Capabilities 

  • 32 Channels for Comprehensive Scalp Coverage: Ensures detailed and accurate data collection. 
  • Wireless and Portable Design: Facilitates naturalistic studies with greater participant comfort. 
  • Dry and Wet Electrode Compatibility: Offers flexibility for various experimental and clinical needs. 
  • Low-Noise Signal Acquisition: Captures high-fidelity data for robust analysis. 
  • Real-Time Data Monitoring: Supports dynamic experimental designs and immediate feedback. 
  • Integration with Advanced Analysis Software: Compatible with tools like MATLAB and Python for sophisticated signal processing. 

For more information, please visit Neuroelectrics Enobio 32. 

Eye-Tracking (ET) - Tobii Pro Fusion, Tobii Eye X2-60 & Tobii Pro Lab

The PsyNet Lab proudly employs the Tobii Pro Fusion, a state-of-the-art, portable, screen-based eye tracker designed for a wide array of behavioral research applications. With a recording capability of up to 250 Hz, this advanced device enables precise tracking of eye movements, including fixations, saccades, and pupil dilation, making it essential for studies across cognitive, clinical, social, and developmental psychology. 

The Tobii Pro Fusion is highly robust across diverse lighting conditions and accommodates a variety of participant profiles, including different ages, ethnicities, and corrective lenses. Its tolerance for natural head movements ensures participant comfort and naturalistic behavior, enhancing data quality. The compact, USB-powered design makes it ideal for flexible experimental setups in both laboratory and real-world environments.  

Applications Across Research Domains 

The Tobii Pro Fusion supports the PsyNet Lab’s mission by contributing to: 

  • Cognitive Science: Investigating attention, perception, decision-making, and memory processes with high temporal and spatial precision. 
  • Clinical Psychology: Assessing eye-movement patterns in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, mental health conditions, or neurodegenerative diseases. 
  • Social Psychology: Exploring gaze behavior and emotional responses during social interactions, prejudice, and stereotyping studies. 
  • Educational Psychology: Analyzing reading patterns, visual attention in learning, and engagement with educational materials. 
  • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): Enhancing the design of user interfaces and immersive XR environments by understanding gaze behavior and user experience. 

Key Features 

  • High Sampling Rate: Up to 250 Hz for precise tracking of eye movements. 
  • Dual Cameras: Advanced dark and bright pupil illumination modes for accurate data collection across conditions. 
  • Head Movement Tolerance: Allows natural behavior during experiments. 
  • Binocular Tracking: Captures robust gaze and pupil diameter data for comprehensive analysis. 
  • Multimodal Compatibility: Seamlessly integrates with other systems (e.g., EEG, GSR) for advanced experiments. 

Tobii Eye Tracking X2-60 Compact 

The Tobii Eye Tracking X2-60 Compact is a versatile and portable eye-tracking device that delivers precise gaze data with a sampling rate of 60 Hz. Its lightweight and compact design make it ideal for studies on visual attention, cognitive load, and user experience. This tool supports a wide range of research in psychology, education, and human-computer interaction by providing insights into gaze patterns and attention distribution in both naturalistic and controlled experimental settings. 

Tobii Pro Lab Software 

The Tobii Pro Lab software is the analytical engine behind the PsyNet Lab’s eye-tracking research, offering an intuitive yet powerful platform for designing and executing experiments. The software supports the entire research lifecycle, from calibration and data collection to visualization and statistical analysis. Its advanced features, such as heatmaps and gaze plots, provide in-depth insights into attention patterns, cognitive workload, and decision-making processes. 

Software Features 

  • Dynamic Visualizations: Heatmaps and gaze plots for clear, actionable insights. 
  • Integrated Experimental Tools: Streamlined design, execution, and data management for complex experiments. 
  • Real-Time Data Collection: Ensures immediate feedback and flexibility during studies. 
  • Export and Analysis: Facilitates easy data export for further statistical processing. 

For more information, please visit the product pages: 

 

Face-Tracking (FT) - FaceReader Software by Noldus

At the PsyNet Lab, we utilize FaceReader, the most advanced automated system for analyzing facial expressions and emotions. This sophisticated software identifies six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, disgust) and neutral expressions, along with contempt, head orientation, gaze direction, and Action Units. By leveraging the Circumplex model of affect, FaceReader provides reliable measures of valence (positive or negative emotions) and arousal (emotional intensity), making it a versatile tool for exploring human emotional behavior.  

With its extensive capabilities, FaceReader empowers researchers at the PsyNet Lab to conduct groundbreaking studies on human emotion and behavior. Its applications span cognitive science, clinical psychology, social psychology, education, and HCI, aligning with the Psychology Department’s mission to produce impactful, evidence-based research. By analyzing facial cues and emotional responses in both real-world and immersive scenarios, FaceReader contributes to a deeper understanding of emotional processing and its role in human behavior across diverse contexts. 

 

Applications Across Research Domains 

FaceReader supports the PsyNet Lab’s commitment to advancing research across the Psychology Department’s diverse focus areas, including: 

  • Cognitive Science and Neuroscience: 
  • Investigating how emotional responses impact attention, memory, and decision-making processes. 
  • Studying the interaction between cognitive and emotional states in various environments. 
  • Clinical Psychology: 
  • Assessing emotional regulation and facial expression patterns in individuals with neurodevelopmental, mood, or anxiety disorders. 
  • Evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions through changes in emotional responses. 
  • Social Psychology: 
  • Understanding emotional dynamics in interpersonal interactions, stereotyping, and prejudice. 
  • Examining the impact of social and cultural factors on emotional expression and perception. 
  • Educational Psychology: 
  • Exploring emotional engagement and motivation during learning activities. 
  • Analyzing emotional responses to digital educational tools and interventions. 
  • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and User Experience (UX): 
  • Enhancing the design of user interfaces by analyzing emotional responses to technology. 
  • Studying emotional engagement in immersive XR environments and virtual simulations. 

For more details, visit the FaceReader page. 

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) - PLUX 8-Channel GSR System

At the PsyNet Lab, we utilize the PLUX 8-Channel Biosignals Kit, a versatile platform designed for cutting-edge physiological research. This system is equipped with a comprehensive range of sensors for recording Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), and other biosignals, enabling precise, real-time monitoring of emotional and cognitive states across diverse research environments. 

The wireless and portable design of the PLUX system provides unmatched flexibility, making it suitable for laboratory-based studies, fieldwork, and innovative applications in Extended Reality (XR) environments. With high-resolution signal acquisition and customizable sampling rates (up to 3000Hz per channel), the system ensures exceptional data quality, critical for accurate assessments of emotional arousal, cognitive load, and stress levels. 

The PLUX 8-Channel Biosignals Kit empowers the PsyNet Lab to conduct innovative and impactful research across the Psychology Department’s diverse focus areas. Its ability to capture real-time physiological data is pivotal for understanding the dynamic interplay between emotional and cognitive states in both controlled and naturalistic environments. From assessing stress and emotional arousal to enhancing adaptive technologies, this system supports research that bridges theoretical insights and practical applications, advancing the department’s mission to address critical scientific and societal challenges. 

Applications Across Research Domains 

The PLUX 8-Channel Biosignals Kit supports the PsyNet Lab’s broad mission, enabling research across: 

  • Cognitive Science and Neuroscience: 
  • Investigating how physiological responses relate to cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and decision-making. 
  • Measuring real-time cognitive load and stress during complex tasks. 
  • Clinical Psychology: 
  • Assessing physiological markers of stress, anxiety, and emotional regulation in individuals with mental health conditions. 
  • Evaluating therapeutic interventions through changes in physiological states. 
  • Social Psychology: 
  • Exploring the physiological underpinnings of social decision-making, emotional contagion, and interpersonal dynamics. 
  • Understanding group behavior and physiological synchrony in social interactions. 
  • Educational Psychology: 
  • Monitoring engagement and emotional responses in educational settings, including digital learning environments. 
  • Evaluating stress and focus during high-stakes learning or testing scenarios. 
  • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and XR: 
  • Designing adaptive systems that respond to physiological cues for improved user experience. 
  • Enhancing realism in immersive XR environments by incorporating physiological feedback. 

Key Features 

  • Multimodal Sensing: Tracks up to 8 biosignal channels, including GSR, ECG, EEG, and EMG, providing comprehensive physiological data. 
  • Wireless and Portable Design: Ensures flexibility and comfort, enabling studies in naturalistic and immersive settings. 
  • High Sampling Rates: Customizable rates up to 3000Hz with 16-bit resolution for precise signal acquisition. 
  • Sensor Compatibility: Supports a wide range of electrode-based sensors for tailored research needs. 
  • Multimodal Synchronization: Integrates seamlessly with other systems (e.g., EEG, Eye-Tracking) for holistic data analysis. 

For more information, visit PLUX Biosignals. 

Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) Headsets

The PsyNet Lab is equipped with a range of state-of-the-art VR and MR headsets, enabling innovative research across various domains of psychology. These high-performance devices provide immersive experiences, eye-tracking capabilities, and advanced interaction methods, supporting the lab’s mission to advance cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology, educational psychology, social psychology, and human-computer interaction (HCI). 

The VR and MR setups offer unparalleled precision for behavioral analysis, cognitive assessments, and user interaction studies, whether in controlled laboratory settings or real-world simulations. By integrating these technologies into experimental designs, researchers can explore complex psychological phenomena and develop applications that address real-world challenges. 

The VR and MR headsets at the PsyNet Lab empower researchers to address complex psychological questions and create innovative solutions across multiple fields. By integrating immersive technologies into experimental designs, the lab aligns with the Psychology Department’s mission to advance evidence-based research and address pressing scientific and societal challenges. These tools enable groundbreaking work in understanding cognition, behavior, and emotion while supporting real-world applications in education, healthcare, and technology development. 

 

Applications Across Research Domains 

The PsyNet Lab’s VR and MR technologies support diverse research initiatives, including: 

  • Cognitive Science and Neuroscience: 
  • Investigating memory, attention, problem-solving, and decision-making in immersive environments. 
  • Studying how multisensory input in VR affects perception and cognition. 
  • Clinical Psychology: 
  • Developing therapeutic interventions for mental health conditions, such as anxiety, PTSD, and cognitive decline. 
  • Creating simulations to assess neurocognitive functions and emotional regulation in patients with neurological disorders. 
  • Educational Psychology: 
  • Exploring the impact of immersive learning environments on engagement, motivation, and knowledge retention. 
  • Assessing adaptive educational technologies that enhance student outcomes. 
  • Social Psychology: 
  • Simulating social scenarios to study group dynamics, prejudice, and decision-making. 
  • Examining how virtual avatars influence interpersonal communication and identity representation. 
  • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and User Experience (UX): 
  • Designing and testing user interfaces and adaptive systems for improved accessibility and usability. 
  • Enhancing XR environments to optimize user experience and satisfaction. 

Key Features 

  • Immersive Experiences: High-resolution displays and advanced rendering for lifelike simulations. 
  • Eye-Tracking Integration: Precision measurement of visual attention and gaze behavior for behavioral and cognitive studies. 
  • Advanced Interaction Methods: Support for hand tracking, motion controls, and naturalistic interactions for enhanced realism. 
  • Multisensory Integration: Capability to combine visual, auditory, and haptic feedback to study multisensory perception. 
  • Ecological Validity: Simulation of real-world environments for more accurate and transferable research outcomes. 

Varjo Aero

The Varjo Aero is a state-of-the-art virtual reality headset designed for researchers who demand unparalleled visual clarity and precision. Its 35 PPD (pixels per degree) resolution and dual mini-LED displays deliver crisp, distortion-free visuals, while the aspherical lenses provide a wide 115° field of view. These features make the Varjo Aero ideal for high-fidelity simulations and studies that require accurate visual detail, such as cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology, educational research, and user experience (UX) analysis.  

Integrated eye-tracking with a 200Hz refresh rate enhances gaze-based interaction and analytics, enabling precise measurements of attention, perception, and decision-making. This technology supports immersive research in diverse fields, aligning with the PsyNet Lab’s mission to advance psychological science and address real-world challenges through innovative methods. 

Key Features 

  • Unmatched Visual Clarity: 35 PPD resolution ensures lifelike visual fidelity, ideal for detailed simulations. 
  • Integrated Eye-Tracking: 200Hz refresh rate enables precise gaze-based data collection and interaction. 
  • Wide Field of View: 115° aspherical lenses provide distortion-free, vibrant visuals for immersive experiences. 
  • Dual Mini-LED Displays: Enhance brightness and color accuracy for vivid and lifelike simulations. 

Varjo Aero is one of the most powerful tools in our lab for immersive VR applications requiring photorealism and precision. 

For more details, visit Varjo Aero. 

Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye

The Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye is a professional-grade virtual reality headset that brings exceptional versatility and performance to the PsyNet Lab. With integrated eye-tracking and 6DoF (Six Degrees of Freedom) tracking, this device captures precise visual attention and interaction patterns within virtual environments. Its advanced capabilities make it particularly valuable for research focused on cognitive load, decision-making, and behavioral interactions in immersive settings. 

Offering 4K resolution and gaze-based controls, the Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye provides researchers with tools to study how users naturally interact with virtual environments. Its lightweight and portable design ensures flexibility, making it suitable for both controlled lab studies and field research. 

While VR headsets in the PsyNet Lab broadly support diverse psychological research, the Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye stands out for its unique ability to analyze gaze-based interactions and movement patterns in virtual spaces. These features make it indispensable for: 

  • Enhancing usability testing and user experience (UX) in virtual reality applications. 
  • Exploring cognitive processes such as decision-making, attention, and cognitive load in realistic, dynamic environments. 
  • Supporting research in neuro-HCI, educational psychology, and training simulations through precise tracking and immersive visuals. 

The Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye aligns with the PsyNet Lab’s mission to integrate innovative technologies into psychological research. Its flexibility and high-resolution capabilities empower researchers to explore complex human behavior and develop impactful real-world applications. 

Key Features 

The Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye is distinguished by: 

  • Integrated Eye-Tracking: Enables real-time gaze interaction and precise visual attention analysis. 
  • High-Quality Immersion: 4K resolution ensures crisp visuals for a realistic and engaging experience. 
  • 6DoF Tracking: Accurately captures user movement, enabling naturalistic interactions in virtual environments. 
  • Lightweight Portability: Ideal for use in a variety of research settings, from lab-based studies to field experiments. 

For more details, visit Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye. 

Meta Quest 3

The Meta Quest 3 is a highly versatile, all-in-one device that integrates both virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) capabilities, making it a flexible and essential tool for the PsyNet Lab. Its full-color passthrough feature supports immersive MR experiences, seamlessly blending virtual objects with physical environments. This capability opens up unique research opportunities to study spatial cognition, attention, and human perception in blended reality settings. 

Equipped with a 4K+ Infinite Display, advanced hand-tracking, and a lightweight, standalone design, the Meta Quest 3 allows researchers to conduct experiments with maximum freedom and ease. Its untethered nature ensures adaptability for studies across diverse research domains, from cognitive science to education and neuropsychology. 

The Meta Quest 3 exemplifies the PsyNet Lab’s mission to integrate cutting-edge technologies into psychological research. Its MR capabilities provide researchers with unparalleled opportunities to explore natural interactions and immersive experiences, enabling the development of future-forward applications in education, neuropsychology, and training. With its versatile design and advanced features, the Meta Quest 3 empowers researchers to address complex questions and create innovative solutions with real-world impact. 

Key Features 

  • 4K+ Infinite Display: Provides exceptional visual clarity for lifelike immersion. 
  • Mixed Reality (MR) Capabilities: Full-color passthrough enables the integration of virtual and physical environments for innovative research applications. 
  • Advanced Hand-Tracking: Facilitates natural, controller-free interactions, enhancing realism and user engagement. 
  • Standalone Design: Ensures portability and flexibility for both lab-based and field research. 

For more details, visit Meta Quest 3. 

Research Focus Areas and Global Relevance

The PsyNet Lab supports a wide range of interdisciplinary research areas, reflecting the Psychology Department’s commitment to addressing critical scientific and societal challenges. By combining traditional methodologies with cutting-edge technologies, the lab facilitates groundbreaking research in psychology and its applications across various fields. Key research areas include:

Cognitive Science and Neuroscience

  • Exploring diverse mental processes such as memory, attention, language, decision-making, and their neural underpinnings. 
  • Utilizing neurophysiological tools like EEG, Eye Tracking (ET), Face Tracking (FT), and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) to understand cognitive and emotional processes in traditional and immersive settings. 
  • Developing XR technologies to enhance ecological validity in cognitive assessments and interventions. 

Neuro-Human-Computer Interaction (Neuro-HCI)

  • Examining the relationship between brain activity, cognitive processes, and human engagement with XR technologies. 
  • Designing improved user interfaces, educational tools, and therapeutic applications by integrating multimodal neurophysiological data. 

Mental Health and Clinical Psychology

  • Creating tools for mental health interventions that combine traditional and XR-based methods to address conditions such as anxiety, cognitive decline, and trauma. 
  • Investigating the effectiveness of trauma-informed care, innovative training for mental health professionals, and therapeutic approaches for specific diagnoses such as dementia, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder. 

Social Psychology and Organizational Behavior

  • Studying social decision-making, stereotyping, and prejudice, with a focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion. 
  • Exploring the impact of AI and automation on workplace dynamics, including marginalized identities and algorithmic bias, to inform ethical organizational practices. 

Lifespan Development and Educational Psychology

  • Investigating psychological development across the lifespan, including learning differences, youth digital well-being, and adult education. 
  • Applying AI and adaptive technologies to improve learning experiences, educational outcomes, and mental health support in schools and workplaces. 

Multimodal Data Integration in XR Systems

  • Combining neurophysiological, behavioral, and psychometric data to create sophisticated models of human behavior. 
  • Developing adaptive systems that respond to users’ cognitive and emotional states in real-time, with applications in neuropsychological assessment, training, and entertainment. 

VR for Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation

  • Designing VR tools to simulate real-world environments for cognitive assessments and rehabilitation programs. 
  • Providing clinicians and researchers with innovative methods to evaluate and enhance cognitive functioning in individuals with impairments, such as traumatic brain injuries or neurodegenerative diseases. 

Discover Our Contributions

  • Explore the diverse range of research outputs and publications from PsyNet Lab members, showcasing our dedication to advancing psychological science and interdisciplinary innovation. Visit our Google Scholar Profile for a comprehensive overview of our work. 

International and National Projects of PsyNet Lab Members

GERIATRIC

  • GERIATRIC: Gaze and Hand intERactions for enhancing usabIlity and Accessibility of virTual Reality applicatIons in neuropsychology – EU – Horizon Europe – MSCA European Fellowship (Funding: €211,658).  

Description: One out of 5 Europeans is ≥ 65 years old, and 10% of Europeans struggle with performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living like housekeeping, shopping, and managing finances. This everyday struggle is predominantly attributed to cognitive ageing. Early detection of cognitive decline is imperative to slow down the exacerbation of cognitive ageing, yet existing tools fall short in the timely identification of such decline. The proposed project attempts to bridge this gap, utilizing Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) to create an innovative cognitive assessment system, simulating real-life conditions and providing an accurate representation of individuals’ everyday functionality. The GERIATRIC project recognizes the barriers posed by the elderly population’s often limited IT proficiency and compromised motor skills, which have historically obstructed the effective use of computerized cognitive assessment tools. GERIATRIC seeks to address these challenges by incorporating Eye-Tracking (ET) and Finger-Tracking (FT) technologies, thereby augmenting the usability, accessibility, and clinical relevance of IVR cognitive assessments. Hand-based (FT) and gaze-based (ET) interactions will be developed, evaluated, and compared in terms of usability, performance, and throughput. The validity and clinical utility of the IVR cognitive test will be examined, especially for the detection of cognitive decline in older adults. In collaboration with industry partners, the final stage transforms the IVR cognitive assessment into a potent cognitive training tool. To foster innovation in the field, GERIATRIC will promote the democratization of IVR for broader research and clinical applications by offering open-source access to IVR software, code, and assets to the broader scientific community. 

URL: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101149390 

META-TOO

  • META-TOO: A transfer of knowledge and technology for investigating gender-based inappropriate social interactions in the Metaverse – EU- Horizon Europe – Twinning and Widening (Funding: €1,499,790).  

Description: The “META-TOO” project aims to address cyber-harassment in the rapidly evolving Metaverse, where significant investments by tech giants are creating immersive virtual worlds for social interaction. Recognizing the intensified emotional impact of interactions within these virtual realities, especially among women and gender minorities, the project focuses on gender-based inappropriate behaviors that can escalate to harassment. META-TOO seeks to (1) identify and quantify patterns of such behaviors in Social VR applications, (2) design inclusive avatars representing diverse sex and gender identities, (3) detect user perceptions of inappropriate interactions through physiological biomarkers, and (4) develop tools enabling users to prevent or avoid harassment. This initiative combines cyberpsychology with advanced technology to enhance user safety and well-being in the next-generation internet. 

URL: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101160266 

SPAUT

  • SPAUT: Table Tennis for People with Autism – EU – ERASMUS+ (Received Grade: 89.9% – Excellence; Funding: €333,540.00).  

Description: The AIM of the SPAUT project is on one hand to join forces with table tennis coaches and physical education teachers (with knowledge on table tennis), training and certifying them as “coaches with knowledge and perception of Autism” and on the other hand to involve people with Autism in the table tennis sport, encouraging participation and physical activity.  

URL: http://www.spaut.eu/ 

VRESS

  • VRESS: Enhancing Social Skills through Virtual Reality Applications – European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation under the call RESEARCH—CREATE—INNOVATE (project code: T1EDK-01248; Funding: €356,320.00).  

Description: People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face significant challenges in their social interactions due to a lack of social skills with an emphasis on empathy. This difficulty is one of the main characteristics of people with ASD that can lead to significant difficulties in their daily living, academic course, employment opportunities and other social activities. The purpose of the proposed project is to develop a platform for creating personalized virtual reality scenarios through which people with Autism will be able to participate in first-person simulations of social situations based on the Social Stories construction technique. The platform will include subsystems for monitoring the person’s behavior (biobehavioral monitoring) during the simulations, through sensory instruments (heart rate measurement and eye monitoring) offering new multimodal interfaces which are expected to provide important findings in clinical research as well. 

URL: http://www.vress.eu/ 

TACTILITY

  • TACTILITY: TACTIle feedback enriched virtual interaction through virtual realITY and beyond  – EU – Horizon 2020 – H2020-ICT25 (Funding: €3,799,946).  

TACTILITY, a multidisciplinary innovation and research action entitled “Tactile feedback enriched interaction through virtual reality and beyond”, has the overall aim of including rich and meaningful tactile information into novel interaction systems through technology for closed-loop tactile interaction with virtual environments. By mimicking the characteristics of the natural tactile feedback, it will substantially increase the quality of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) experience used locally or remotely (tele-manipulation). 

The approach is based on transcutaneous electro-tactile stimulation delivered through electrical pulses with high resolution spatio-temporal distribution. To achieve it, significant development of technologies for transcutaneous stimulation, textile-based multi-pad electrodes and tactile sensation electronic skin, coupled with ground-breaking research of perception of elicited tactile sensations in VR, is needed. 

The key novelty is in the combination of: 

  1. the ground-breaking research of perception of electrotactile stimuli for the identification of the stimulation parameters and methods that evoke natural like tactile sensations, 
  1. the advanced hardware, that will integrate the novel high-resolution electrotactile stimulation system and state of the art artificial electronic skin patches with smart textile technologies and VR control devices in a wearable mobile system, and 
  1. the novel firmware that handles real-time encoding and transmission of tactile information from virtual objects in VR, as well as from the distant tactile sensors (artificial skins) placed on robotic or human hands. 

This research and innovation action shall result in a next generation of interactive systems with higher quality experience for both local and remote (e.g., tele-manipulation) applications. Ultimately, TACTILITY will enable high fidelity experience through low-cost, user friendly, wearable and mobile technology. 

URL: https://tactility-h2020.eu/ 

BISCUIT

  • BISCUIT: Brain Injury, Sleep and Cognition – Untangling the long-term Impact of childhood TBI – Bart’s Charity (£66.357):  

Head injuries are very common during childhood, particularly in babies and teenagers. Children often make a full recovery from a head injury but sometimes behavior problems and learning issues may follow. Understanding when and why that happens is important. Even more critical is the need to explore if there is anything we can change in the child’s everyday routine to minimize such problems. Past studies have shown that sleep may be disrupted following a head injury. Given the established link between sleep and school performance as well as conduct problems, the present study is designed to investigate sleep quality in this population and comprehend how sleep problems contribute to thinking skills and behavior.  

NOW

  • NOW: New Opportunities for Working employment of the transition-aged young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Moving towards inclusive educational and working environments using a strength-based approach – Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (€ 139.959): 

Although public policies highlight the necessity of moving towards inclusive societies, participation of young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in postsecondary education and employment is substantially low. The proposed study is designed to explore educational and working experiences of transition aged young adults with ASD aged 18-35 years with the aim of understanding the factors that are associated with better outcomes in this group and promoting their social inclusion. 

POLEMIC

  • POLEMIC: What role do emotions play in politics? The project ran from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2024. POLEMIC received a Starting Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant agreement No. 759079; €350,000.00).  

Politicians use emotions to appeal to the electorate. How emotional are these appeals, and is there, as is often suggested, a trend towards more negative emotional appeals? Additionally, what emotions do voters feel when they hear these emotional appeals, and are they persuaded by them? Following a series of surprising electoral results in 2016, project POLEMIC places emotions at the center of political analysis by using new methods and reconceptualizing theories of emotions.   

URL:  https://www.hotpolitics.eu/polemic/  

XR Software Developed

A Virtual Reality Version of the Trail-Making Test (Eye-Tracking Integrated). 

Measuring Visual Attentional Speed (Task A) and Cognitive Flexibility/Task Switching (Task B). Eye-Tracking is used for the interaction by requiring fast saccadic movements for detection of a target and sustained attention (1 sec) for confirmation and selection of a target.  

Video – Task A:

Video – Task B:

A Virtual Reality Version of the Corsi Block Task (Eye-Tracking Integrated). 

Measuring Visuospatial Working Memory. Eye-Tracking assists with estimating whether there is an attentional issue that prevents encoding or a pure working memory issue. 

A Virtual Reality Version of the Digit Recall Task (Eye-Tracking Integrated). 

Measuring Verbal Working Memory in VR. Eye-Tracking measures focus (gaze-tracking) and emotional state (pupillometry). 

A Virtual Reality Version of the Deary-Liewald Task (Eye-Tracking Integrated). 

A Virtual Reality Version of the Deary-Liewald Task (Eye-Tracking Integrated). Measuring:  

Reaction Time (Single Target) 

Reaction Time (Multiple Targets) 

Attentional Processing Speed (Multiple Targets) – Measured via Eye-Tracking 

Motor Speed (Multiple Targets) 

A User-Interface for Responding to Questionnaires in Virtual Reality (Eye-Tracking Integrated; CSQ-VR). 

This UI allows the collection of data by users while being immersed in VR. The current UI has been used for creating the VR Version of the “Cybersickness in VR Questionnaire” (CSQ-VR).  

The Eye-Tracking is used for measuring the Reading Time (Gaze Tracking), the ability to focus on the written stimuli (Gaze Movement), and the emotional state (Pupillometry). 

A User-Interface for Calibrating Electrotactile & Vibrotactile Feedback in Virtual Reality. 

Collaboration with Sebastian Vizcay and Cyril Canillas, Inria of University of Rennes, France 

A Fitts’s Law Task with Electrotactile and Vibrotactile Feedback in Virtual Reality. 

Collaboration with Dr Ferran Argelaguet and Sebastian Vizcay, Inria of University of Rennes, France 

  

WebVR Exhibition – Lin Huiyin  

This is an immersive exhibition of the life and work of Lin Huiyin, A well-known Chinese architect, diplomat, poetess, and writer. This VR software runs both online on Mozilla Firefox browser (WebVR Version) and on a high-end PC (standalone version).  

Video – WebVR Version: 

Video – Standalone Version:

Webpage: https://funnydoudou.wordpress.com/   

A collaboration with MA Yiwen Zhi, Digital Humanities, University of Bologna, Italy. 

Data Visualisation of Fluid Dynamics 

An Immersive VR – Data Visualisation app of fluid dynamics (velocity magnitude, velocity on the 3 directional axes, and static pressure) by using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in Unity. 

The app has two versions (Static Data Visualisation & Transient Data Visualisation).  

Video – Static:

Video -Transient:

  A collaboration with MEng Scott Towt and Professor Prash Valluri, Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK. 

Virtual Reality Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL) 

VR-EAL is a neuropsychological battery of cognitive functions which facilitate everyday functioning:  Prospective Memory, Long-Term and Short-Term Memory, Selective Visual Attention, Visual-Spatial Attention, Selective Bi-Aural Auditory Attention, Multi-Tasking, and Planning. 

 

Recent Publications

Visit our Google Scholar Profile for a comprehensive overview of our work. 

 

Armaos, R. (2024). Evidence-Based Practices in Substance Use Settings for Adolescent Populations. In A. Maragakis & M. Janikian (Eds.), Evidence-Based Behavioral Health Practices in Pediatric Specialty Settings (pp. 193–212). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71004-9_10 

 

Bruni, T., Smith, S., Quigley, J., Koval, E., LaLonde, L., Maragakis, A., Kilbourne, A. M., King, C., Orringer, K., & Lee, J. M. (2024). Real-World Depression Screening Practices Among Primary Care Providers Across Patient-Level and Provider-Level Characteristics. Clinical Pediatrics, 63(10), 1442–1451. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231223782 

 

Economou, A., Konsolaki, E., Kalsi, I. A., & Psychountaki, M. (2024). The Beck Depression Inventory-II in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Greeks: Factor Structure and Demographic Associations. Sage Open, 14(2), 21582440241252264. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241252264 

 

Giatzoglou, E., Vorias, P., Kemm, R., Karayianni, I., Nega, C., & Kourtesis, P. (2024). The Trail Making Test in Virtual Reality (TMT-VR): The Effects of Interaction Modes and Gaming Skills on Cognitive Performance of Young Adults. Applied Sciences, 14(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/app142110010 

 

Gounari, K. A., Giatzoglou, E., Kemm, R., Beratis, I. N., Nega, C., & Kourtesis, P. (2024). The Trail Making Test in Virtual Reality (TMT-VR): Examination of the Ecological Validity, Usability, Acceptability, and User Experience in ADHD. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1331.v1 

 

Hatzimanolis, A., Foteli, S., Xenaki, L.-A., Selakovic, M., Dimitrakopoulos, S., Vlachos, I., Kosteletos, I., Soldatos, R.-F., Gazouli, M., Chatzipanagiotou, S., & Stefanis, N. (2024). Elevated serum kynurenic acid in individuals with first-episode psychosis and insufficient response to antipsychotics. Schizophrenia, 10(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-024-00483-z 

 

Janikian, M., & Maragakis, A. (2024). History and Key Concepts of Evidence-Based Practices. In A. Maragakis & M. Janikian (Eds.), Evidence-Based Behavioral Health Practices in Pediatric Specialty Settings (pp. 1–14). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71004-9_1 

 

Kourtesis, P. (2024). A Comprehensive Review of Multimodal XR Applications, Risks, and Ethical Challenges in the Metaverse. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8110098 

 

Kourtesis, P., Papadopoulou, A., & Roussos, P. (2024). Cybersickness in Virtual Reality: The Role of Individual Differences, Its Effects on Cognitive Functions and Motor Skills, and Intensity Differences during and after Immersion. Virtual Worlds, 3(1), 62–93. https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds3010004 

 

Margariti, M. M., Vlachos, I. I., Mpourazana, D., Aristotelidis, P., Selakovic, M., Ifanti, M., & Papageorgiou, C. (2024). Psychotic Arousal and the Psychopathology of Acute Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Study of the Experiential Emotional State in Acute Psychosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185477 

 

Pantazakos, T., & Arnaud, S. (n.d.). Determining the scope of epistemic injustice within psychiatry. Philosophical Psychology, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2024.2377291 

 

Papadopoulou, P., Polissidis, A., Kythreoti, G., Sagnou, M., Stefanatou, A., & Theoharides, T. C. (2024). Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Polyphenols Derived from the European Olive Tree, Olea europaea L., in Long COVID and Other Conditions Involving Cognitive Impairment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011040 

 

Pelios, L. V., & Psiachou, K. (2024). Early Childhood Intensive Intervention Settings. In A. Maragakis & M. Janikian (Eds.), Evidence-Based Behavioral Health Practices in Pediatric Specialty Settings (pp. 125–153). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71004-9_7 

 

Petalas, D. P., Schumacher, G., & Scholte, S. H. (2024). Is political ideology correlated with brain structure? A preregistered replication. iScience, 27(10). 

 

Robinson, L., Archer, D., Bartha, A., Chatzidamianos, G., & Delgaram-Nejad, O. (2024). Linguistic Creativity and Formal Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia. BJPsych Open, 10(S1), S75–S75. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2024.137 

 

Simitsi, A. M., Sfikas, E., Koros, C., Papagiannakis, N., Beratis, I., Papadimitriou, D., Antonellou, R., Fragiadaki, S., Kontaxopoulou, D., Picillo, M., Pachi, I., Alefanti, I., Stamelou, M., Barone, P., & Stefanis, L. (2024). Motor and Nonmotor Features of p.A53T Alpha-Synuclein PD vs idiopathic PD: Longitudinal Data from the PPMI Study. medRxiv, 2024.08.23.24312442. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.23.24312442 

 

Vassilopoulou, J., Kyriakidou, O., Özbilgin, M. F., & Groutsis, D. (2024). Scientism as illusio in HR algorithms: Towards a framework for algorithmic hygiene for bias proofing. Human Resource Management Journal, 34(2), 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12430 

 

Wojtaszek, J. A., Ham, H. L., Bruni, T. P., Sunde, E., Drossel, C., & Maragakis, A. (2024). Feasibility and Acceptability of a Pediatric Primary Care Physician Training for Anxiety Screening and Evidence-based Intervention. Clinical Pediatrics, 63(11), 1585–1591. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228241234229 

 

Zioga, T., Ferentinos, A., Konsolaki, E., Nega, C., & Kourtesis, P. (2024). Video Game Skills across Diverse Genres and Cognitive Functioning in Early Adulthood: Verbal and Visuospatial Short-Term and Working Memory, Hand–Eye Coordination, and Empathy. Behavioral Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100874 

 

Zioga, T., Nega, C., Roussos, P., & Kourtesis, P. (2024). Validation of the Gaming Skills Questionnaire in Adolescence: Effects of Gaming Skills on Cognitive and Affective Functioning. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(3), 722–752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14030048 

 

Zygouri, I., Mantzoukas, S., Cowdell, F., Gouva, M., & Ploumis, A. (2024). The experience of gender in spousal caregiving: A phenomenological psychological study (Greece). Rehabilitation Psychology, 69(4), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000558